Black is the symbol both Ethiopia and abysinia, they can’t step forward with modern world civilization, b/c their ideology is dark!
Are Abyssinia and Ethiopia the same country? When was the country called Abyssinia and when was it called Ethiopia? Also, who were the Habashat?
Abyssinia and Ethiopia is the same country, and both terms are used interchangeably. The term Aethiopia has been used by the ancient Greeks to describe the Sudanese and the Ethiopians, because the people were darker compared to them.[1] When the Aksumites conquered Sudan, southern Egypt, southern Arabia, and other parts of the horn of Africa they called themselves Ethiopians. The Portuguese arrived in Ethiopia during the middle ages to assist in the kingdoms struggle against Islamization.[2] They heard the term Abesha a variant of Habesha being used by the people. They Latinized it to Abyssinia which became the name of the country in Europe. For over two millenniums, the word ‘Habesha’ and its numerous variants (Habashat, Habasa, Habesh, Habeshi, Abesha), have been used to name geographical pockets of territory and people extending from the Arabian Peninsula to the furthest limits of the Horn of Africa region. Although the word is of great antiquity, there is no consensus on what it actually means, and who exactly is or isn’t Habesha. From ancient Egyptian inscriptions to modern day usage; Habesha is a word that has persisted throughout history. Most of the earliest inscriptions mentioning Habesha deal with wars, alliances and peace treaties among rivaling Yemeni kingdoms and the Habesha.
“Shamir of Dhu-Raydan and Himyar had called in the help of the clans of Habashat for war against the kings of Saba; but Almaqah granted … the submission of Shamir of Dhu-Raydan and the clans of Habashat.”[3]
This inscription tells us that Shamir of Dhu-Raydan, who is almost certainly the Himyarite king Shamir Yuhahmid, requested assistance from the Habashat clans to go to war with Saba, a rivaling Yemeni kingdom. The inscription also credits Almaqah[4] who was the moon God that polytheistic inhabitants on both sides of the Red Sea worshiped, for granting them victory over their Sabaean rivals. Almaqah temples, and imagery A video of an ancient war report (as part of a dedicational inscription) about two Sabaean-Himyarite kings – Il-Sharah Yahdhib and Ya’zil Bayyin – who fought the Ethiopians/Habesha and their allies of the Sahirat tribe in Tihama, the Red Sea coast in Eastern Yemen.
In the Horn of Africa during the 4th century the Aksumite king Ezana after conquering neighboring kingdoms and territories on both sides of the Red Sea styled himself as:
Ezana, king of Aksum, and of Himyar, and Kasu, and Saba, and Habashat, and Raydan, and Salhen and Tsiamo, and Beja, the King of Kings.
In reference to Ezana’s inscription, Professor Max Müller, a German philologist, believed the King of the Habashat had no common territory with the King of Aksum and the two kingdoms were separate appeared evident to him. After the Aksumite kingdom had ended Arab travelers and geographers described the Horn region and its inhabitants as Habeshas. The first among these travelers was Al-Ya’qubi, who visited the region in 872 CE. From his chronicles, we learn there were five independent and rivaling Beja kingdoms in present-day Eritrea and that ‘Habeshas’ were living alongside them. He also mentions an important Habesha capital near the Eritrean coast called Ku’bar. Al-Ya`qubi describes the Eritrean highlands and seacoast as:
a vast and powerful country. Its royal town is Kubar. The Arabs go their to trade. They have big towns and their sea coast is called Dahlak. All the kings of the Habasha country are subject to the Great King (al-malik al-azam) and are careful to obey him and pay tribute.[5]
Decades later, Al-Masudi, a tenth-century Arab traveler to the region, gives a similar account in his geographical work Muruj al-Dhahab, theMeadows of Gold’.
“The chief town of the Habasha is called Ku`bar, which is a large town and the residence of the najashi [nagassi; king], whose empire extends to the coasts opposite the Yemen, and possesses such towns as Zayla, Dahlak and Nasi.” [8]
Centuries later in 1295 CE, another Arab traveler, Al-Harrani, writes about a Somali city:
Zayla, a town on the coast of the Red Sea, is a very populous commercial centre. . . . Opposite al-Yaman there is also a big town, which is the sea-port from which the Habasha crossed the sea to al-Yaman, and nearby is the island ofAql”
It should be noted that Habesha was frequently used as a mere geographical expression by early Arab and European travelers. As a geographical expression, it was once convenient, and representative of deep-seated ignorance of the region as a whole, although they may also have been informed by local indigenous knowledge.[6] Habesha People[7] [8] [9]
ABOn hundeeffama isaa irraa kaasee hanga ammaatti tokkummaa Oromoo gadi dhaabuu fi dhugoomee akka mul’atu taasisuu irratti bal’inaan hojjete. Akeekni eebbifamaan kun akka hin dhugoomneef diinni gufuulee hedduu uumaa fi garaagarummaa xixiqqaa afarsuun tokkummaa Oromoo diiguuf yaaliin godhes akkuma akeeka isaa biroo maseenfamee jira. Keessattuu ganna dabarsine kana keessa tokkummaan Oromoo akka urjiitti ifee mul’atuun isaa diina hundee dhaa raase. Qabsoo bilisummaa ABO-WBOn durfamuun tokkummaan mirkaneeffame. Galatni kan qabsaawotaa fi sabboontota Oromoo haa tahu! Har’a Oromoo adda baasuun gonkumaa sadarkaa hin dandahamne irra gahame jira. Ummatni Oromoo tokkummaan hiriiree akka biyya isaaf falmatu dandeessisuuf hojii hojjatamee firii boonsaa argamsiise kanaaf galatni kan qabsaawota wareegamtootaa fi ummata keenya tokkummaan sosso’uun falmatuu danda’ee ti. Kunis injifannoo ol’aanaa qabsoon galmeesse tahee yaadatamaa jiraata. Oromoon, Injifannoo qabsoon argamsiise kana jabeeffataa, akka hin dhaabbanne taasisuuf itti fufiinsaan irratti hojjatamuu qaba. Gufuulee diinaan kaa’aman ummatni Oromoo injifannoo irratti galmeeffate kan biraa duula kanneen PPf daboo bahan irratti galmeessee dha. Mootummaan PP Oromiyaan kan Oromoon keessatti badhaadhu, aadaa, afaan fi eenyummaa isaatiin boonu, hojjatee jiraatu osoo hin taane, hiyyummaan keessatti mankaraaruu fi keessaa baqachiifamu akka tahuuf hojjata. Duulli har’a babal’atee mul’atu kun waggoota sadan dabraniif osoo adddaan hin citiin ummata Oromoo irratti adeemsifamaa kan turee dha. Ummatni Oromoo duula bal’aa itti baname kana jabinaa fi tokkummaan of irraa ittisuu danda’uun kan dinqisiifamuu dha. Hanga mootummaan PP aangoo irra jirutti lolli Oromiyaa fi Oromoo irratti xiyyeeffate kun waan hin dhaabbatneef, duula jireenya Oromoo irratti agaamame kana caalaatti maseensuuf Oromoon tokkummaa isaa jabeeffataa diina dura dhaabbatuun itti fufuu qaba. Diinni ummata Oromoo qabsoo ummata Oromoo doomsuuf kan itti xiyyeeffate biroon caasaa ABO biyya keessaa fi sochii Qeerroo cabsuu ture. Kanaaf, diinni akka toftaatti ABO karaa nagaa qabsaawu dandaha jedhee maadhee fi miseensota ABO adda baasee haleeluu ture. Kun diinaan qofa osoo hin taane, kittillayyoota diinaa waggoota sadan PPf ergamaa bahanii fi of tahanii mul’atuu hin dandeenye, tajaajiltuu diinaa tahanii jiraatuu murteeffatan dabalata. Caasaan ABO, Qeerroo fi dargaggoon Oromoo duula diinaa kana dura dhaabbatuu irratti wareegama baasan yoomiyyuu seenaan hin dagatu. Kana waliin wal qabatee kanneen dantaa matayyaaf jecha qabsaawota irratti duulaa jiran gochaa farrummaa kana irraa akka dhaabbatan ABO-WBOn gadi jabeessee gorsa. Yeroon kun yeroo kaayyoo fi akeeka ummata Oromoo dura dhaabbatan osoo hin taane, kan waliin hiriiranii diina waloo of duraa kaasan akka ta’e qalbifadhaa jennaan. Waggaa dabarsine kana keessa kan diinaatti dabalee gareelee fi nam-tokkeen diinatti hidhata qabanii fi kanneen kaayyoo bilisummaa Oromootti gufuu tahuu filatan ABO-WBO maqaa xureessuuf ololli adeemsisan bal’aa ture. Kanneen bu’aa bubuutuu argatuuf ori’an akkanaa ummata Oromoo biratti jibbamoo fi tufamoo ta’uus hubachiisna.
Haala kanaan, har’a ABO-WBOn tokkummaa fi Qabsoo Bilisummaa Oromoo gadi dhaabuu fi jiraachisuuf wareegama ulfaataa baase, Qeerroo fi ABO-WBOn akka gargar ta’anitti ololli adeemsisan ABO-WBO, Qeerroo fi ummata Oromoo daran tokkoomse. Ammas taanaan, farreen fi gufuuleen qabsoo bilisummaa Oromoo dalagaa diiggaa itti jiran irraa of qusatuu diduun, ummata keenyaaf dhimmaa fakkaatuun ergaa diinaa dabarsuu itti fufanii waan jiraniif, ummatni keenya biyya keessaa fi alaa akka of irraa tiksuu qofa osoo hin taane, akka akeeka isaanii maseenuu jabinaan irratti hojjatu ABO-WBOn hubachiisa. ABO-WBOn jaarmayaa siyaasaa Oromoos tahe kan alagaa ijaaramuu irraa mormii ykn jibbiinsa hin qabu. Qabaatees hin beeku. Ijaaramuun mirga. Haa tahu malee, jaarmayootni siyaasaa Oromoo garii karoorri hojii isaan baafatan kan diina irratti qabsaa’uu osoo hin taane, kan ABO-WBO danda’ame dhabamsiisuu, dadhabame ammoo dadhabsiisuu ti. Akeekni kunis jibbiinsa dhuunfaa, bolola aangoo fi ABO-WBOn dhabame malee mul’atuu hin dandeenyu yaada jedhu irraa madda. Jarmayootni siyaasaa maqaa “Itoophiyaan” ijaaraman ammoo daran akeeka ABO-WBO diiguu fi dhabamsiisuu akka dhaabbataan Oromoon hin beekne xiqqaa dha. ABO-WBO dhabamsiisuu dhaan gaaffii ummata Oromoo ukkaamsuu akeeka jedhuun masakamu. ABO-WBO fi qabsoon bilisummaa ummatni Oromoo irratti wareegamaa jiran isaan biratti mirga dimokraasii osoo hin taane, kan biyya diiguu ti. ABO-WBOn jaarmayoota kamiifuu mirga isaanii kabajee osoo jiruu kan ABO-WBO kabajuu dhabuun, irratti ololuu fi dhabamsiisuuf shiruun ammattis tahe fuula duratti furmaata argamsiisu hin qabu. Waltajjii argatan irratti maqaa ABO-WBO kaasuun xureessuuf yaaluun dalagaa kanneen gaafatamni itti hin dhaga’amnee fi ummataaf kabajaa hin qabnee ti. Mirga dimokraasiif qabsoofna jechaa kanneen mirga dimokraasii ummata isaaniif qabsaa’an diineffatuun qaanfachiisaa dha. ABO-WBOn kanneen akkanaa of irraa ittisuun akeeka ittiin deeman fashalsaa har’a gahe; fuula durattis of irraa ittisuun mirga tahuu hubachiisa. Ummatni kamiyyuu hacuuccaa fi saaminsa jalaa walaba tahuu barbaada. Qabeenya isaa irratti ajajaa tahuun fedhii fi mirga ummata hundaa ti. Bilisa tahee dubbatuu, dhiibbaan alatti bakka bu’aa ofii ofiin filatuun mirga dimokraasii jaarraa 21ffaa keessatti bal’inaan mul’atuu dha. Haa tahu malee, har’as taanaan sababa danqaa PPn irraa kan ka’e, ummatootni mirga kana guuttachuu hin dandeenye. Jijjiirama xixiqqaa wayta qabsoo ummatootaan sardamutti fudhatuun mirgi ummatootaa kan kabajame fakkeessee lallabuun cunqursaa fi ukkaamsaa itti fufuun toftaa PP tahe jira. Kana irraas miidhaan dhaqqabu dabalaa akka jiru, duranaafis hammaataa kan deemu tahuun hin shakkisiisu. Addatti ammoo ummata Oromoo irratti xiyyeeffatuun karoorri baafame gara sadarkaa ol’aanaatti kan cehe tahuun gochaan mirkanawee jira. Kanaaf, Qabsoo Bilisummaa Oromoo sadarkaa amansiisaa irra gahee jiru fiixa baasuuf jabinaan hojjatuun dirqama qabaawotaa fi ummata keenyaa ti. Filmaata biraas hin qabnu. ABO-WBOn Qabsoo Bilisummaa Oromoo milkeessuuf jaarmayaa jabeessuu irratti xiyyeeffatuun hojiin hojjate firii qabeessa. Kanaaf, kan ijaarame daran jabeessuu fi babal’isuun injifannootti tarkaafnachuun dirqama miseensotaa fi deggertootaa tahuu beeknee birraa kana injifannoon keessa bahuuf warraaquu qabna. Diinni ummata Oromoo hanga aangoo irraa hin maqsamnetti Qabsoo Bilisummaa Oromoo dura dhaabbatuu itti fufa. Karoora ummata Oromoo cunqursaa fi saaminsa jala tursu baafachuun dalagaa diinummaa hojjata. Ummata Oromoo qe’ee isaa irraa humnaan buqqisuudhaan lafa-dhablee taasisuun karoora PP dhaan bal’inaan hojii irra oolfamaa jiru tahee itti fufaa jira. Sababa kijibaa ’ol’aantummaa seeraa kabachiifna’ jedhuun Oromoo lafa isaa irraa buqqisanii ari’uun, ajjeesuu fi yakka irratti dalaguun ganna darbe keessa mul’ate dha. Oromiyaan kan Oromoon keessatti badhaadhu, hojjatee jiraatu osoo hin taane kan keessatti hiyyoomee beelaan mankaraaruu fi keessaa baqachiifamu taasifamuu eenyuyyuu jalaa dhokataa miti.
Mootummaan PP addatti Qeerroo Oromoo irratti xiyyeeffatuun maqaa ’ABO-shanee’ jedhuun, ajjechaa fi hidhaan ganna dabarsine keessa bal’inaan raawwate gochaa gara-jabinaa fi tarkaanfii mootummaa shororkeessaa ti. Dargaggoon Oromoo gochaan bineensummaa irratti raawwatamullee kaayyoo ABO-WBO bakkaan gahuu irraa humni isa hanqisuu danda’u akka hin jirre gahaatti hubachiiseera. Qeerroon Oromoo adda durummaa fi murannoon falmaa adeemsiseen ummata isaatti abdii horuutti dabalee akka isa cinaa hiriiru taasiseera. Hidhaa fi ajjeechaaf osoo hin jilbeenfanne, wal gurmeessuu dhaan diddaan agarsiisaa jiru kan dargaggoo biroofis fakkeenya tahee dha. Qeerroon kaleessa dhagaa darbataa ture har’a meeshaa lolaa hidhatee ofii fi saba isaa ittisuu bira darbee, biyya abbaa isaa Oromiyaa dhuunfachuu eegalee jira. ABO-WBOn hiree kanaan PPn lola ummata Oromoo mohuu hin dandeenye keessa jiraachuu hubachiisaa, ummata haqa isaaf falmatu yoomiyyuu injifataa tahuu isaa yaadachiisa. Akeekni ummatni Oromoo qabsaawaafii jirus akka injifannoon gudunfamuuf ABO-WBOn karaa hundaan ummata waliin tahuu gadi jabeessee hubachiisa. Duula waggoota sadan darban ABO-WBO dhabamsiisuuf tattaafatameen ABO-WBOn hin dhabamne. Haa tahu malee diinni ammayyuu abjuu ABO dhabamsiisa jedhuun dhama’aa akka jiru hundatu arga. ABO-WBOn duula fuula hundaa keessaa fi alaan irratti gaggeeffamaa turee fi jiru irra aanee, kaayyoon ittiin deemu ummata biratti jaalala, kabajaa fi deggersa horataa dhufuu irraa, ummatni Oromoo sagalee tokkoon ABO-WBOn alatti furmaati hin jiru! Karaan tokkittiin Oromoo gara bilisummaatti geessu ABO-WBO qofaa dha! jechuun ifatti dhaabbii isaa ibsatuutti jira. Deggersaa fi jaalala ummataa kana kan argamsiise wareegama miseensotaa, ummata keenyaa fi deggertootaa ti. Qabsoo itti fufsiisuu fi dhaaba isaatti iggitii gochuu keessatti shoorri WBO ol’aanaa tahuun hin falamsiisu. Ammas taanaan WBOn magaalaa fi baadiyyaa bal’aa keessatti diinaa fi lukkeelee diinaa irratti tarkaanfii fudhatuun diina mogolee laaffisuu irra darbee lafa bal’aa Oromiyaa tohatee, guutuu Oromiyaa dhuunfachuuf tarkanaanfataa jira. Duula WBO gaggeessaa jiru kana milkeessuuf, ummatni keenya fiixa bahiinsa akeeka kanaa bakkaan gahuu keessatti qooda irraa eegamu akka gumaachu gaafanna. Har’a manni hidhaa PP ilmaan Oromoo yakka homaatuu hin qabneen guutamee argama. Kanneen mana hidhaa PP hin beekamne keessatti hiraaraa jiranis danuu dha. Lammiileen mirga ofii fi ummata isaaniif jechaa miidhaan qaamaa fi sammuu irra geessifamaa jiru kunneen hundi ummata Oromoo biratti kabajaa qaban. Ummatni Oromoo ilmaan isaa kanneen falmaa mirgaa keessatti qooda fudhatuu irraa diinni irratti roorrisaa jiru gargaaruu akka addaan hin kutne gaafataa, ABO-WBOn karaa isaaf danda’amu hundaan bira dhaabbachuu kan itti fufu tahuu hubachiisa. Ummatni Oromoo kan qabsoo geggeessaa turee fi jiru jijjiirraa buqqaasaa mirga isaa kabajchiisu argamsiisuufi. Milkaa’uun qabsoo Oromoo milkaa’ina qabsoo ummatoota cunqurfamoo maraa akka ta’es hubachiifna.
Kana wallaaluun kanneen ummata Oromoo diina godhatuun irratti duulan diinni har’a waliin duulaa jiran bor kan isaanitti garagalu tahuu dagatuu hin qaban. Kana waliin ummata Oromoo nagaa dhorkatanii nagaan jiraanna jechuun kan hin yaadamnee fi dogoggora dha. Waan taheef, diinatti maxxanuu lagachuun, fira tarsiimoo kan tahe ummata Oromoo waliin hiriiruun, diina waloo loluun ummatoota cunqurfamoo irraa eegama. Waliin jireenya boriifis daandiin ijaaraa fi amansiisaan kana qofa tahuu hubachiisaa, dalagaa hariiroo baroota dheeraa ummatoota gidduu booressu akka hatattamaan dhaaban ABOn gorsa isaa dabarsaaf. Dabalataanis kan furmaata waaraa argamsiisu mirga ummata Oromoo beekuu fi fudhatuu tahuu hubachiisa. Ummatni keenya ammoo weerara itti banamu kamuu irraa of ittisuuf mirgi heera addunyaa akka isaaf haayyamu hubatee of irratti amantaa guutuun of ittisuu irratti akka jabaatee hojjatu irra deebiin hubachiifna. Haala ummata Oromoo irratti raawwatamaa jiru argaa, kaayyoo diinaa eenyummaa Oromoo haguuguu fi dhabamsiisuu akeekkate maxxanfachuudhaan diina waliin hiriiruun hafnaan mul’atuun iyyuu wayta qaanfachiisaa tahe jiru kanatti, hoggana siyaasaa fi qondaala waraanaa PP tahuun caasaa mootummaa keessatti haammatamanii diinaaf hojjechuun seeraanis tahe seenaan gaafachiisaa dha. Waan taheef, kana hubachuun ilmaan Oromoo caasaa mootummaa kamuu keessatti argamtan addatti ammoo waraana PP keessatti sadarkaa hunda irratti argamtan marti waamicha ummatni keessan deddeebisee isinii dabarsaa jiruuf akka owwaattan ABO-WBOn irra deebi’uun waamicha isiniif godha. Paartiin filameen jira, mootummaa haaraa dhaabbachaa jira jedhu kun, afaan qawween bittaa isaa itti fufuuf murteeffate waan ta’eef ummata kamuu biratti fudhatama hin qabu. Ummatootni kan barbaadan bilisummaa dha. Addatti ammoo ummatni Oromoo nama namaan bakka buusuun faaydaa akka hin argamsiifne fi tarkaanfiilee fakkaatoo kanaan duraa irraa barnootaa fi muyxannoo gahaa argatee jira. Waan taheef, kanneen jechoota ummataan darbatamanitti fayyadamuun, sirna Oromoon kabaju of dura qabuun fi uffata aadaa Oromoo uffachuun ummata gowwoomsuu dandeenya jedhanii, afaan damma dibatanii summii facaasaa jiran of irraa gatuuf jabaannee irratti qabsaa’uun mirga keenya of harka galfachuuf haa kaanu.
PPn tumsaa fi gargaarsa biyyoota ollaa fi fagoo irraa argachuun ummata Oromoo fi kanneen biroo kumoota hedduun lakkaa’aman lafa isaanii irraa buqqiseera. ABO-WBOn waggoota sadan darbaniif mootummaa PP kan maqaa ’seera kabachiisuu’ jedhuun lola uummattoota irratti labsee, saaminsa, cunqursaa fi yakka hiriyaa hin qabne dhala namaa irratti geggeessaa jiru akka biyyooti ollaa fi dhihaa qabeenya, leenjii waraanaa fi dippilomaasiin akka hin gargaarre irra deddeebi’uun yaadachiisaa turuun ni beekama. Waamichu sunis amma dhagahamuu jalqabuun mootummooti dhihaa qobqobbii PP irra kaahuu eegaluun injifannoo guddaa dha. PPnis waa’illaan biyyoota dhiha, UN keessaa hojjetan yakkuun fi biyya irraa arihuun wallaalummaa fi doofummaa PP agarsiisu dha. Qaamotaa fi namoota miidhaa ol’aanaa PPn ummata mirga isaaf falmatu irra gahaa jiru, argaa fi dhaga’aa callisuun gaafachiisaa tahuu ABO-WBOn ammas irra deebi’ee yaadachiisa. Qaama miidhaa ol’aanaa uummata irraan dhaqabsiisaa jiru gargaaruun ammoo yakka tahuu hubachiisaa, mootummooti gara bahaa fi Turki akka gargaarsa kana irraa dhaaban akeekkachiisa. Akkasumas PPn yakka uummata irratti raawwataa jiru dhaabuuf, yakkamtoota Oromiyaa keessaa jiraatan tohatee seeraatti dhiheessuuf ABO-WBOn akka hojjechaa jiru hubachiisa.
Qabsoon Bilisummaa Oromoo, qabsoo of irratti hirkannoo fi murannoon mirga keenya of harka galfachuuf wareegama baafneen armaan gahe. Kanaan boodas qabsoon bilisummaa fi walabummaaf gaggeessaa jirru, kan duubatti hin deebifamne tahuu mirkaneessina. Kana jabeeffachuu fi wal malee homaa akka hin qabnee fi ala irraa homaa akka hin eegganne caalaatti hubachuun birraan kana milkii ol’aanaan diina irratti galmeessuuf akka sossoonu gadi jabeessinee hubachiifna! Irreechi barana kan milkii, injifannoo, gammachuu, bilisummaa fi walabummaa nuuf haa ta’u! Gadaan Quufaa Gabbina!